After all the doom and gloom in my last posting, I noticed a strange headline in the newspaper. The negative outlook for 2012 would suggest that stock prices would not be doing so well, but instead, stocks are the highest they have been since the plunge in the markets amid the financial crisis. So while economists typically like to stay clear of talking about stocks, hopefully I can provide some insight into what seems to be a bit of an anomaly.
Stock prices often move in directions that are different to what is actually happening in the economy. One explanation is that investors will purchase stocks not only based on what has occurred in the past but also what is predicted to happen in the future. This means that the stock market is dominated by whether investors are feeling optimistic about the future or are downbeat on the prospects for companies making profits. The forward-looking nature of investors means that stock prices are typically seen as a leading indicator – a measure that points to an upturn or downturn in the economy before this is registered in the actual growth data. This may be the case here but it is unlikely considering, for example, the Federal Reserve in the US is planning to keep interest rates at close to zero as mentioned in the previous posting.
Instead, market sentiment has been buoyed by the outlook for interest rates that was released recently by the Federal Reserve. Weak prospects for growth in the US economy have prompted the central bank to state that it expects to hold interest rates down until late 2104. This implies a negative outlook for the economy but it is taken as being positive for stocks. The reason for this is because low interest rates mean that the return from bonds will typically be low and investors who are looking for a better return will be tempted to invest money in stocks instead. Stocks in the US have already bounced back strongly after a massive sell off when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged from around 14,000 in October 2007 to below 7,000 in March 2009. The Dow Jones index has since climbed back up to near 13,000 by the beginning of February 2011 which is the highest since May 2008.
The stance taken by the Federal Reserve is positive for stocks in other ways. Consumers and firms will be more likely to borrow if interest rates are low. Also, the commitment to keep interest rates low further suggests that the central bankers in the US will take less aggressive policies against inflation and this is a positive sign for some companies. Higher inflation means that firms such as electricity and gas providers as well as other companies which sell energy products would have more scope to increase prices and this would help boost profits.
Of course, this is not the only reason for the recent gains in the stock market. Data out last week showed that employment is on the rise with 243,000 jobs created in January in the non-farm sector. But the central bank’s policy does provide a background whereby the attractiveness of stocks is increased compared to other investments which means more money will flow into stocks along with any improvements in the economy.
Not any great investment advice, but hopefully, the world may make a little bit more sense.
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